Ho phahama ho hoholo ha litheko tsa lisebelisoa tsa betri ho tloha qalong ea 2021 ho baka likhakanyo mabapi le tšenyo ea tlhoko kapa tieho, mme ho lebisitse tumelong ea hore lik'hamphani tsa likoloi li ka fetola likhetho tsa likoloi tsa tsona tsa motlakase.

Pakete e theko e tlase ka tloaelo e bile lithium-iron-phosphate, kapaLFP.Tesla esale e sebelisa LFP bakeng sa mefuta ea eona ea ho kena e entsoeng China ho tloha ka 2021. Baetsi ba bang ba likoloi ba kang Volkswagen le Rivian le bona ba phatlalalitse hore ba tla sebelisa LFP mefuteng ea eona e theko e tlaase.

Nickel-cobalt-manganese, kapa NCM, libeteri ke khetho e 'ngoe.Ba hloka palo e tšoanang ea lithium hoLFP, empa e kenyelletsa cobalt, e theko e boima mme ts'ebetso ea eona ea tlhahiso e na le likhang.

Theko ea tšepe ea Cobalt e nyolohile ka 70% ka selemo.Nickel e bone moferefere oa morao tjena ka mor'a ho petetsa hakhutšoanyane ho LME.Theko ea nickel ea likhoeli tse tharo e rekisoa ka har'a letsatsi la $27,920-$28,580/mt ka la 10 Motšeanong.

Ho sa le joalo, litheko tsa lithium li nyolohile ho feta 700% ho tloha qalong ea 2021, e leng se lebisitseng ho theoheng ho hoholo ha litheko tsa betri.
Ho latela S&P Global Market Intelligence, litheko tsa tšepe tsa China ka Hlakubele li ne li nyolohile ka 580.7% ka selemo bakeng sa libeteri tsa LFP ka dolara ka kilogram, e nyolohela ho hoo e ka bang $36/kwh.Libetri tsa NCM li ne li nyolohile ka 152.6% ka nako e ts'oanang ho $73-78/kwh ka Hlakola.

"Tselalithiume theohile ka theko likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng.Ke theolelo e nyane ho feta eo u neng u ka e lebella [khahlanong le NCM] 'me hang ha u lahlela lintlha tsa ts'ebetso ke qeto e thata ho feta eo e ka beng e bile eona.U kanna ua batla ho fana ka ts'ebetso e itseng bakeng sa litšenyehelo, empa ha e theko e tlase haholo matsatsing ana.” morekisi e mong oa cobalt hydroxide o itse.

"Ho ne ho e-na le matšoenyeho, ka 'nete, hobane litšenyehelo tsa LFP li ne li beha kotsing e ngata haholo bakeng sa karolo eo e e lebisitseng, e leng libeteri tse theko e tlaase," ho lumellana le mohloli oa mohlahisi oa lithium.

"Ha ho na mekhoa e meng e totobetseng ea libeteri tse sebelisang nickel (tse nang le likarolo tse 8 tsa nickel kapa ho feta) nakong e khutšoanyane ho ea ho e bohareng.Ho khutlela ho libeteri tsa NMC tse tlaase-nickel ho hlahisa lipelaelo mabapi le tšebeliso ea cobalt, ha libeteri tsa LFP ha li e-s'o khone ho lumellana ka botlalo le ts'ebetso ea mefuta-futa 'me li na le litšobotsi tse fokolang tsa mocheso o tlase ha li bapisoa le libeteri tse kenyang nickel," Alice Yu, mohlahlobi e moholo, S&P Global Market Intelligence. .

Le hoja k'hemistri e khethiloeng Chaena ke betri ea LFP, hangata ho nahanoa hore NCM e tla phetha karolo e kholoanyane marakeng a EU - moo bareki ba ratang likoloi tse li tsamaisang ho pholletsa le naha kapa ho tšela k'honthinente ka liqoso tse fokolang ka ho fetisisa.

"Ha re sheba ho rala limela tsa betri, re hloka ho hlahloba maemo a bonolo.Hona joale ho na le tekano ea litheko lipakeng tsa LFP le NCM.Haeba LFP e ka ba theko e tlase hape re ka beha tlhahiso pele, empa hona joale re lokela ho hlahisa NCM hobane ke sehlahisoa sa pele."OEM ea likoloi e boletse.

OEM ea bobeli ea koloi e ile ea pheta maikutlo ao, "Libetri tsa LFP li tla ba teng mona bakeng sa likoloi tsa boemo ba ho kena, empa li sa amoheloe bakeng sa likoloi tsa pele".

Ntho e lekanyang

Phepelo ea Lithium e ntse e le bothata bo boholo bakeng sa 'maraka oa EV le ntho e ka emisang k'hamphani efe kapa efe ho fetohela ho LFP habonolo.

Lipatlisiso tse tsoang ho S&P Global Commodity Insights li bonts'a hore haeba merafo eohle ea lithium e ntseng e tsoela pele e ka kena inthaneteng ka nako e reriloeng, ka lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa lisebelisoa tsa boemo ba betri, ho tla be ho ntse ho na le khaello ea 220,000 mt ka 2030, ho nahanoa hore tlhoko e fihla ho limilione tse 2 mt. qetellong ea lilemo tse leshome.

Boholo ba baetsi ba lithium ba Bophirimela ba na le karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea tlhahiso ea bona e ngolisitsoeng tlas'a likonteraka tsa nako e telele, 'me bafetoleli ba Machaena ba' nile ba tšoarehile ka litlhoko tsa konteraka tsa nako le nako e telele.

"Ho na le likopo tse 'maloa [letheba], empa ha re na thepa e fumanehang hajoale," ho boletse mohloli oa mohlahisi oa lithium.O ile a phaella ka ho re: "Re na le li-volumes tse fumanehang feela ha moreki a e-na le bothata bo itseng, kapa a hlakola thomello ka lebaka le itseng, ho seng joalo e hlophisitsoe kaofela.

Matšoenyeho a ntseng a eketseha ka lithium, le litšepe tse ling tsa betri, ho fetoha ntho e thibelang ho nkeloa sebaka ke EV e entse hore baetsi ba likoloi ba kenelle le ho feta karolong e holimo ea indasteri.

General Motors e tla tsetela ho nts'etsopele ea morero oa lithium oa Controlled Thermal Resources 'Hell's Kitchen California.Stellantis, Volkswagen le Renault li sebelisane le Vulcan Resources ho boloka thepa ho tsoa morerong oa Zero Carbon Jeremane.

Mofuta o mong oa sodium-ion

Ka lebaka la khaello ea phepelo e lebelletsoeng ea lithium, cobalt le nickel, indasteri ea betri e ntse e hlahloba mekhoa e meng.Libetri tsa sodium-ion li nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea likhetho tse tšepisang ka ho fetisisa.

Sodium-ion e tla sebelisa carbon ho anode le lisebelisoa tse tsoang sehlopheng se tsejoang e le Prussian Blue ka har'a cathode.Ho na le "letoto la litšepe tse ka sebelisoang ho Prussian Blue, 'me li tla fapana ho ea ka khampani," ho latela Venkat Srinivasan, mookameli oa US-based Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS).

Molemo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa sodium-ion ke theko ea eona e tlaase ea tlhahiso, mehloli e boletse.Ka lebaka la bongata ba sodium lefatšeng, lipakete tsena tsa betri li ka bitsa chelete e ka tlase ho 3% -50% ho feta libeteri tsa lithium-ion.Matla a matla a bapisoa le LFP.

Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), e leng e 'ngoe ea baetsi ba li-betri tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Chaena, e ile ea senola selemong se fetileng moloko oa eona oa pele oa betri ea sodium-ion, hammoho le tharollo ea eona ea AB battery pack, e bontšitseng hore e khona ho kopanya lisele tsa sodium-ion le lithium-ion. lisele ka har'a pakete e le 'ngoe.Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le lisebelisoa tsa betri ea sodium-ion e lumellana le betri ea hona joale ea lithium-ion, CATL e boletse.

Empa pele sodium-ion e ka fihla boemong bo boholo ba khoebo, ho hlokahala hore ho rarolloe mathata a mang.

Ho ntse ho na le lintlafatso tse lokelang ho finyelloa ho electrolyte le mahlakoreng a anode.

Ha ho bapisoa le betri e thehiloeng ho LFP, sodium-ion e matla ha e tsoa, ​​empa e fokola ha e tjhaja.

Ntho e ka sehloohong e fokotsang ke hore ena e ntse e le nako e itseng ea ho tloha boemong ba khoebo.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, matsete a libilione tsa lidolara a entsoe ka har'a ketane ea phepelo ea lithium-ion e thehiloeng ho lik'hemik'hale tse ruileng tsa lithium le nickel.

"Ka sebele re ka sheba sodium-ion empa re lokela ho qala ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho mahlale a seng a ntse a le teng le ho tlisa semela inthaneteng," moetsi e mong oa betri o boletse.