Matla a ntjhafatswang ke matla a tswang mehloding ya tlhaho e tlatswang ka lebelo le ho feta leo e le jang. Letsatsi le moya, mohlala, ke mehlodi e ntseng e tlatswa hape kamehla. Mehlodi ya matla a ntjhafatswang e mengata mme e re potileng ka hohle.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mafura a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale - mashala, oli le khase - ke mehloli e sa tsosolosoeng e nkang lilemo tse makholo a limilione ho thehoa. Mafuta a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, ha a chesoa ho hlahisa matla, a baka mesi e kotsi ea likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, joalo ka carbon dioxide.
Ho hlahisa eneji e ntjhafatswang ho baka mesi e fokolang haholo ho feta ho chesa mafura a mesaletsa. Ho fetohela ho tloha mafura a mesaletsa, ao hona jwale a ikarabellang bakeng sa mesi e mengata, ho ya ho eneji e ntjhafatswang ke senotlolo sa ho rarolla bothata ba tlelaemete.
Dintho tse ntjhafatswang jwale di theko e tlase dinaheng tse ngata, mme di hlahisa mesebetsi e fetang hararo ho feta mafura a fosili.
Mehloli e 'maloa e tloaelehileng ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ke ena:
MATLA A LETSATSI
Matla a letsatsi ke mohloli o mongata oa matla 'ohle 'me a ka sebelisoa esita le maemong a leholimo a maru. Sekhahla seo matla a letsatsi a tšoaroang ka sona ke Lefatše se feta sekhahla seo batho ba sebelisang matla ka sona ka makhetlo a ka bang 10 000.
Mahlale a letsatsi a ka fana ka mocheso, pholiso, mabone a tlhaho, motlakase le mafura bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata. Mahlale a letsatsi a fetola khanya ea letsatsi hore e be matla a motlakase ka liphanele tsa photovoltaic kapa ka liipone tse kopanyang mahlaseli a letsatsi.
Leha e se linaha tsohle tse nang le matla a letsatsi ka ho lekana, monehelo o moholo motswakong wa matla a letsatsi o tswang ho matla a letsatsi o ka kgoneha naheng e nngwe le e nngwe.
Litšenyehelo tsa ho etsa liphanele tsa letsatsi li theohile haholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, e leng se etsang hore e se feela hore li theko e tlase empa hangata e le mofuta o theko e tlaase oa motlakase. Liphanele tsa letsatsi li phela lilemo tse ka bang 30, 'me li tla ka mebala e fapaneng ho latela mofuta oa thepa e sebelisoang tlhahisong.
MATLA A MOEA
Matla a moea a sebelisa matla a kinetic a ho tsamaisa moea ka ho sebelisa liturbine tse kholo tsa moea tse fumanehang naheng (lebopong) kapa leoatleng kapa metsing a hloekileng (lebopong). Matla a moea a 'nile a sebelisoa ka lilemo tse likete, empa mahlale a matla a moea a lebōpong le lebōpong a fetohile lilemong tse' maloa tse fetileng ho eketsa motlakase o hlahisoang - ka liturbine tse telele le bophara bo boholo ba rotor.
Leha lebelo le tloaelehileng la moea le fapana haholo ho ea ka sebaka, bokhoni ba tekheniki ba lefats'e ba matla a moea bo feta tlhahiso ea motlakase oa lefats'e, 'me ho na le bokhoni bo bongata libakeng tse ngata tsa lefats'e ho nolofalletsa ho kenngoa ha matla a moea ka bongata.
Likarolo tse ngata tsa lefats'e li na le lebelo le matla la moea, empa libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hlahisa matla a moea ka linako tse ling ke tse hole. Matla a moea a tsoang mose ho maoatle a fana ka bokhoni bo boholo.
MATLA A METSI
Matla a geothermal a sebelisa matla a mocheso a fumanehang habonolo a tsoang kahare ho Lefatše. Mocheso o ntšoa matamong a geothermal ho sebelisoa liliba kapa mekhoa e meng.
Matamo a chesang ka tlhaho le a ka kenang metsi ka ho lekaneng a bitsoa matamo a metsi a chesang, athe matamo a chesang ka ho lekaneng empa a ntlafalitsoe ka ho hlohlelletsoa ha metsi a metsi a bitsoa litsamaiso tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa geothermal.
Hang ha e le holim'a metsi, maro a mocheso o fapaneng a ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa motlakase. Theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea motlakase ho tsoa matamong a metsi a chesang e butsoitse ebile ea tšepahala, 'me e se e ntse e sebetsa ka lilemo tse fetang 100.
MOTLAKASE OA HYDROPOWER
Matla a metsi a sebelisa matla a metsi a tlohang libakeng tse phahameng ho ea libakeng tse tlase. A ka hlahisoa ho tsoa matamong a metsi le linokeng. Litsi tsa metsi tsa letamo li itšetlehile ka metsi a bolokiloeng ka har'a letamo, ha litsi tsa metsi tsa metsi tse phallang li sebelisa matla a tsoang phallong e fumanehang ea noka.
Hangata matamo a motlakase a nang le metsi a na le melemo e mengata - ho fana ka metsi a nooang, metsi bakeng sa nosetso, likhohola le taolo ea komello, lits'ebeletso tsa ho tsamaea ka sekepe, hammoho le phepelo ea matla.
Matla a metsi hona joale ke mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa matla a nchafatsoang lefapheng la motlakase. A itšetlehile ka mekhoa ea pula e tsitsitseng ka kakaretso, 'me a ka angoa hampe ke komello e bakoang ke boemo ba leholimo kapa liphetoho tikolohong ea tikoloho tse amang mekhoa ea pula.
Meralo ea motheo e hlokahalang ho theha motlakase oa metsi le eona e ka ama tikoloho ka litsela tse mpe. Ka lebaka lena, ba bangata ba nka motlakase oa metsi o monyenyane e le khetho e mosa haholoanyane tikolohong, 'me e loketse haholo-holo metse e libakeng tse hole.
MATLA A LEOATLE
Matla a leoatle a tsoa mahlaleng a sebelisang matla a kinetic le a mocheso a metsi a leoatle - maqhubu kapa maqhubu a metsi ka mohlala - ho hlahisa motlakase kapa mocheso.
Mekhoa ea matla a leoatle e ntse e le mohatong oa pele oa nts'etsopele, 'me ho ntse ho hlahlojoa lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tsa maqhubu a mohlala le maqhubu a maqhubu. Bokhoni ba khopolo-taba ba matla a leoatle bo feta habonolo litlhoko tsa hona joale tsa matla a batho.
ENEJI EA LINTHO TSE BOLENG
Bioenergy e hlahisoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse phelang, tse bitsoang biomass, tse kang patsi, mashala, bolokoe le manyolo a mang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea mocheso le motlakase, le lijalo tsa temo bakeng sa biofuel e metsi. Biomass e ngata e sebelisoa libakeng tsa mahaeng bakeng sa ho pheha, mabone le ho futhumatsa sebaka, ka kakaretso ke baahi ba futsanehileng linaheng tse tsoelang pele.
Mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea biomass e kenyelletsa lijalo kapa lifate tse inehetseng, masalla a tsoang temong le merung, le melapo e fapaneng ea litšila tsa tlhaho.
Matla a hlahisoang ke ho chesa biomass a baka mesi e bakang khase e futhumatsang lefatše, empa maemong a tlase ho feta ho chesa mafura a khale joalo ka mashala, oli kapa khase. Leha ho le joalo, bioenergy e lokela ho sebelisoa feela lits'ebetsong tse fokolang, ka lebaka la litlamorao tse mpe tse ka bang teng tikolohong tse amanang le keketseho e kholo masimong a meru le bioenergy, le ho fella ka ho rengoa ha meru le phetoho ea tšebeliso ea mobu.
Nako ea poso: Pulungoana-29-2022